Indonesian Coffee Guide: 9 Renowned Varieties and History

TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Indonesia, the world's fourth largest coffee producer, contributes significantly to the global coffee market with approximately 642,000 metric tons of coffee annually. Renowned for its exceptional quality, the country has carved a niche for itself in the international coffee scene. 

Other than being a major producer, Indonesia is also a discerning consumer of coffee, with a rich history and diverse range of coffee varieties. The average type of coffee developed in the archipelago is Robusta Coffee and Arabica Coffee.

A Colonial Legacy

Indonesia’s coffee journey began in 1696 under Dutch colonial rule. Introduced from Malabar, India, Arabica coffee seeds were first planted in Kedawung, near Batavia. Initial attempts faced challenges due to adverse weather conditions. However, subsequent efforts with coffee cuttings proved successful. By 1706, Javanese coffee beans had gained significant popularity, prompting the Dutch to expand cultivation across the archipelago.

However, the coffee industry faced a major setback in the 19th century with the devastating Hemileia vastatrix (HV), or coffee leaf rust, disease. The Dutch finally brought and introduced robusta coffee beans to farmers in East Java. The resilient robusta soon thrived in Sumatra, securing Indonesia's coffee production.

Indonesia's Coffee Diversity

Indonesia's diverse geography and agricultural practices have resulted in a remarkable array of coffee flavors. Each region offers unique characteristics influenced by soil composition, altitude, climate, and processing methods.

Here are nine renowned Indonesian coffees:

1 Gayo Coffee (Aceh)

Renowned for its full body and complex flavor profile, Gayo Arabica coffee has earned international acclaim, including Fair Trade and Geographical Indication certifications.

2. Java Ijen Raung Arabica Coffee (East Java)

Combining notes of tamarind, spice, and forest flowers, this coffee offers a distinctive taste experience.

3. Temanggung Robusta Coffee (East Java)

Known for its chocolatey undertones and slight spice, Temanggung robusta is a testament to the region's coffee-making expertise.

4. Rangsang Meranti Coffee (Riau)

Rangsang Meranti Coffee has a unique offering. This Liberica coffee, cultivated on peat soil, boasts a soft texture and intriguing aroma of chocolate and jackfruit.

5. Toraja Arabica Coffee (South Sulawesi)

Often hailed as the "Queen of Coffees", Toraja Arabica delights with its fruity notes, low acidity, and complex aroma.

6. Kintamani Arabica Coffee (Bali)

Known for its fresh and balanced taste, Kintamani coffee is a popular choice among coffee lovers who prefer milder flavors.

7. Papua Coffee

With floral aromas and a gentle caffeine kick, Papua coffee offers a distinctive taste experience.

8. Lampung Coffee

A classic robusta, Lampung coffee delivers a smooth texture and the characteristic bitter-sweetness of robusta beans.

9. Flores Bajawa Coffee NTT

Processed using a wet-hulled method, this coffee presents a fruity profile with tobacco undertones.

Indonesia's coffee heritage, coupled with its diverse terroir, has positioned the nation as a global coffee leader. As the world's palate continues to evolve, Indonesian coffee remains a sought-after treasure.

TIARA JUWITA  | HENDRIK KHOIRUL MUFID

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