The History of Embargo Against Iran: from the U.S. to the EU
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19 April 2024 09:40 WIB
2. United Nations (UN) embargo
According to archive.globalpolicy.org, the Security Council adopted a resolution in June 2006, supporting the P5 (United States, Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom) and Germany's offer of diplomatic and economic incentives. The resolution also demanded Iran to halt all uranium enrichment programs by August 31.
In December 2006, Tehran failed to comply with the resolution. The Security Council then imposed sanctions on Iran’s trade in sensitive nuclear materials and technology. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) offered Tehran a 60-day grace period to halt its uranium enrichment in exchange for suspension of UN sanctions.
Iran did not take up the offer, resulting in the Security Council adopting Resolution 1747, intensifying the previous sanctions and adding more sanctions against Iranian financial institutions.
3. Embargo by the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom
Quoting the Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, the EU sanctions against Iran follow a different pattern to the US. Initially, the three dominant European Union countries, namely France, Germany, and Britain, began negotiations with Iran over international concerns regarding its nuclear program. EU sanctions primarily focused on “enforcing targeted sanctions imposed by the United Nations from 2006”.
The sanctions imposed by the European Union on Iran include banning imports of Iranian crude oil and petroleum products, freezing Iranian central bank assets in the EU, blocking trade in gold, diamonds, and precious metals with Iran, and blocking exports of petrochemical equipment and technology.
However, there was an apparent lack of consensus within the EU over the sanction against Iran. Countries such as the UK, France, and Germany had different approaches to sanctions enforcement. The negotiation process with Iran was finally achieved in 2015 after the European External Action Service (EEAS) was established and the Lisbon Treaty was adopted.
SUKMA KANTHI NURANI
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